{"id":6074,"date":"2021-09-14T12:25:49","date_gmt":"2021-09-14T12:25:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lonecandle.com\/?p=6074"},"modified":"2021-09-14T12:25:49","modified_gmt":"2021-09-14T12:25:49","slug":"why-im-skeptical-of-reparations-sources","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lonecandle.com\/?p=6074","title":{"rendered":"Why I&#8217;m skeptical of reparations. Sources."},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>The Color of Law<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Richard Rothstein. Liveright Publishing Corporation. 2017. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-amazon-kindle wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-amazon\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America\" type=\"text\/html\" width=\"640\" height=\"550\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen style=\"max-width:100%\" src=\"https:\/\/read.amazon.com\/kp\/card?preview=inline&#038;linkCode=kpd&#038;ref_=k4w_oembed_7opj8sjQO3bNUB&#038;asin=1631494538&#038;tag=kpembed-20\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The New Deal Didn\u2019t Create Segregation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Richard Walker. 6 18 2019. Jacobin. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/jacobinmag.com\/2019\/06\/the-color-of-law-richard-rothstein-review\">https:\/\/jacobinmag.com\/2019\/06\/the-color-of-law-richard-rothstein-review<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dr. Florence Ma\u00e4tita &#8211; I.D.E.A. Book Club &#8211; The Color of Law by Richard\nRothstein<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Dr. Florence Ma\u00e4tita. 2021 5 12. Edwardsville Public\nLibrary. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Dr. Florence Ma\u00e4tita - I.D.E.A. Book Club - The Color of Law by Richard Rothstein\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/gPA9XqRvskA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>America\u2019s formerly redlined neighborhoods have changed, and so must\nsolutions to rectify them<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Andre M. Perry and David Harshbarger. 10 14 2019. Brookings. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-wordpress wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-brookings\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/americas-formerly-redlines-areas-changed-so-must-solutions\/\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Examining the Black-white wealth gap<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kriston McIntosh, Emily Moss, Ryan Nunn, and Jay Shambaugh. 2 27 2020. Brookings.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-wordpress wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-brookings\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blog\/up-front\/2020\/02\/27\/examining-the-black-white-wealth-gap\/\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Demographic trends and economic well-being<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Pew Research Center. 6 27 2016. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-wordpress wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-pew-research-centers-social-amp-demographic-trends-project\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"NiRus4OMSA\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/social-trends\/2016\/06\/27\/1-demographic-trends-and-economic-well-being\/\">1. Demographic trends and economic well-being<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;1. Demographic trends and economic well-being&#8221; &#8212; Pew Research Center\u2019s Social &amp; Demographic Trends Project\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/social-trends\/2016\/06\/27\/1-demographic-trends-and-economic-well-being\/embed\/#?secret=8v24TchG2E#?secret=NiRus4OMSA\" data-secret=\"NiRus4OMSA\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">60% Black Homeownership: A Radical Goal for Black Wealth Development<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Dedrick Asante-Muhammad, Jamie Buell, and Joshua Devine. 3 2 2021. NCRC. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ncrc.org\/60-black-homeownership-a-radical-goal-for-black-wealth-development\/\">https:\/\/ncrc.org\/60-black-homeownership-a-radical-goal-for-black-wealth-development\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Black and White Homeownership Rate Gap Has Widened Since 1900<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Skylar Olsen. 4 10 2018. Zillow. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zillow.com\/research\/homeownership-gap-widens-19384\/\">https:\/\/www.zillow.com\/research\/homeownership-gap-widens-19384\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Redlining Myths vs Reality<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Actual Justice Warrior. 12 3 2020. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Redlining Myths vs Reality\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/BBHT3SQOEi4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2021 PLAN CCBL Panel Discussion &amp; Training The Color of Law<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Pennsylvania Legal Aid Network. 3 5 2021. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"2021 PLAN CCBL Panel Discussion &amp; Training  The Color of Law\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/tidHlD-P0PU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>DISCRIMINATION\nIN METROPOLITAN HOUSING MARKETS: PHASE 2 &#8211; ASIANS AND PACIFIC ISLANDERS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Margery Austin Turner et al. 3 2003. The Urban Institute. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.huduser.gov\/publications\/pdf\/phase2_final.pdf\">https:\/\/www.huduser.gov\/publications\/pdf\/phase2_final.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fighting Housing Discrimination in 2019<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Claudia Aranda. 4 1 2019. Urban Wire. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.urban.org\/urban-wire\/fighting-housing-discrimination-2019\">https:\/\/www.urban.org\/urban-wire\/fighting-housing-discrimination-2019<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>To Whom It\nMay Concern<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HUD Desk\nOfficer. 3 13 2020. Urban Institute. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.urban.org\/sites\/default\/files\/publication\/101823\/hud_ignores_evidence_on_discrimination_segregation_and_concentrated20poverty_in_fair_housing_proposal_0.pdf\">https:\/\/www.urban.org\/sites\/default\/files\/publication\/101823\/hud_ignores_evidence_on_discrimination_segregation_and_concentrated20poverty_in_fair_housing_proposal_0.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">More Than 50 Years after the Fair Housing Act, More Action Is Needed to\nAddress Housing Discrimination against Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Diane K. Levy and Claudia Aranda. 4 30 2021. Urban Wire. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.urban.org\/urban-wire\/more-50-years-after-fair-housing-act-more-action-needed-address-housing-discrimination-against-asian-americans-and-pacific-islanders\">https:\/\/www.urban.org\/urban-wire\/more-50-years-after-fair-housing-act-more-action-needed-address-housing-discrimination-against-asian-americans-and-pacific-islanders<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HOUSING\nDISCRIMINATION AGAINST RACIAL ANDETHNIC MINORITIES 2012<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Margery Austin Turner et al. 6 2013. The Urban Institute. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.huduser.gov\/portal\/Publications\/pdf\/HUD-514_HDS2012_execsumm.pdf\">https:\/\/www.huduser.gov\/portal\/Publications\/pdf\/HUD-514_HDS2012_execsumm.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A Multilevel Analysis of the Relationship Between Institutional and\nIndividual Racial Discrimination and Health Status<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Gilbert C. Gee. 9 2008. Am J Public Health. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2518571\/\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2518571\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Racial Restrictive Covenants History<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Catherine Silva. 2009. University of Washington. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/civilr\/covenants_report.htm\">https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/civilr\/covenants_report.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>UPWARD MOBILITY AND DISCRIMINATION:THE CASE\nOF ASIAN AMERICANS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nathaniel Hilger. 10 2016. National Bureau of Economic Research. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nber.org\/system\/files\/working_papers\/w22748\/revisions\/w22748.rev3.pdf\">https:\/\/www.nber.org\/system\/files\/working_papers\/w22748\/revisions\/w22748.rev3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Virtual Book Discussion of &#8220;The Color of Law&#8221; with LWVDC<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Door County Library. 7 15 2020.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=P0ay7SCYW1I\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=P0ay7SCYW1I<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Impacts of Neighborhoods on Intergenerational Mobility II: County-Level\nEstimates<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Raj Chetty and Nathaniel\nHendren. 2 10 2018. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/qje\/article\/133\/3\/1163\/4850659?login=true\">https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/qje\/article\/133\/3\/1163\/4850659?login=true<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Parental\nEducation Better Helps White than Black Families Escape Poverty: National\nSurvey of Children\u2019s Health<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Shervin Assari. 1 4 2018. Economies. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/ajk13\/AppData\/Local\/Temp\/economies-06-00030.pdf\">file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/ajk13\/AppData\/Local\/Temp\/economies-06-00030.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Child\ndevelopment at the intersection of race and SES: An overview<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Daphne A. Henry et al. Advances\nin Child Developed and Behavior. ProQuest Ebook Central. 2019. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/par.nsf.gov\/servlets\/purl\/10199299\">https:\/\/par.nsf.gov\/servlets\/purl\/10199299<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Durable\neffects of concentrated disadvantageon verbal ability among African-American\nchildren<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Robert J. Sampson et al. PNAS.\n1 22 2008. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/pnas\/105\/3\/845.full.pdf?eaf=\">https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/pnas\/105\/3\/845.full.pdf?eaf=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Model\nMinorities in the Classroom?Positive Bias towards Asian Students and its\nConsequences<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ying Shi and Maria Zhu.\nSyracuse University. 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/econ.la.psu.edu\/events\/seminar-documents\/zhu_psu_2021.pdf\">https:\/\/econ.la.psu.edu\/events\/seminar-documents\/zhu_psu_2021.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Institutional\nDiscrimination and Assimilation: Evidence from the Chinese Exclusion Act of\n1882<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Shuo Chen and\nBin Xie. IZA Institute of Labor Economics. 8 2020. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.econstor.eu\/bitstream\/10419\/227174\/1\/dp13647.pdf\">https:\/\/www.econstor.eu\/bitstream\/10419\/227174\/1\/dp13647.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reparations | Glenn Loury &amp; John McWhorter [The Glenn Show]<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Glenn Loury\n&amp; John McWhorter. 3 25 2019. Bloggingheads.tv. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ng17zdMqEaQ\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ng17zdMqEaQ<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">To Dismantle Anti-Asian Racism, We Must Understand Its Roots<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Lily Zheng. 5\n27 2021. Harvard Business Review. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/hbr.org\/2021\/05\/to-dismantle-anti-asian-racism-we-must-understand-its-roots\">https:\/\/hbr.org\/2021\/05\/to-dismantle-anti-asian-racism-we-must-understand-its-roots<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The Origins\nand Diffusion of Racial Restrictive Covenants<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Michael Jones-Correa. 2000. Political Science Quarterly. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Michael-Jones-Correa\/publication\/233641705_The_Origins_and_Diffusion_of_Racial_Restrictive_Covenants\/links\/5c64269da6fdccb608c0f843\/The-Origins-and-Diffusion-of-Racial-Restrictive-Covenants.pdf\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Michael-Jones-Correa\/publication\/233641705_The_Origins_and_Diffusion_of_Racial_Restrictive_Covenants\/links\/5c64269da6fdccb608c0f843\/The-Origins-and-Diffusion-of-Racial-Restrictive-Covenants.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What are Covenants?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>University of Minnesota. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mappingprejudice.umn.edu\/what-are-covenants\/\">https:\/\/mappingprejudice.umn.edu\/what-are-covenants\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exclusionary Covenants in Pasadena<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Gamble House. 5 18 2017. The Gamble House. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gamblehouse.org\/exclusionary-covenants-in-pasadena\/\">https:\/\/gamblehouse.org\/exclusionary-covenants-in-pasadena\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Redlining: The history of Berkeley\u2019s segregated neighborhoods<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Jesse Barber. 9 20 2018.\nBerkeleyside. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.berkeleyside.org\/2018\/09\/20\/redlining-the-history-of-berkeleys-segregated-neighborhoods\">https:\/\/www.berkeleyside.org\/2018\/09\/20\/redlining-the-history-of-berkeleys-segregated-neighborhoods<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The \u201cBecoming White Thesis\u201d\nRevisited<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Philip Q. Yang and Kavitha Koshy.\n3 2016. The Journal of Public and Professional Sociology. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1096&amp;context=jpps\">https:\/\/digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1096&amp;context=jpps<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Coleman Hughes | Racism &amp; The Wealth Gap<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Coleman Hughes and Michele Carroll.\n10 15 2018. Exploring Minds with Michele Carroll<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FfAWwnLu9g0\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FfAWwnLu9g0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The myth about smart black kids and \u201cacting white\u201d that won\u2019t die<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Jenee Desmond-Harris. 1 5 2017.\nVox. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/identities\/2017\/1\/5\/14175116\/acting-white-myth-black-kids-academics-school-achievement-gap-debunked\">https:\/\/www.vox.com\/identities\/2017\/1\/5\/14175116\/acting-white-myth-black-kids-academics-school-achievement-gap-debunked<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>No, \u2018Acting White\u2019 Has Not Been Debunked<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>John McWhorter. 4 14 2017. The Daily Beast. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/no-acting-white-has-not-been-debunked?ref=scroll\">https:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/no-acting-white-has-not-been-debunked?ref=scroll<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why the war on poverty failed \u2014 and what to do now<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>John McWhorter. 12 29 2016. Vox. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/policy-and-politics\/2016\/12\/29\/14112084\/war-on-poverty-brooklyn-great-society\">https:\/\/www.vox.com\/policy-and-politics\/2016\/12\/29\/14112084\/war-on-poverty-brooklyn-great-society<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>An Empirical\nAnalysis of \u2018Acting White\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Roland G. Fryer, Jr. 7 2009. Harvard University and NBER. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.harvard.edu\/files\/fryer\/files\/an_empirical_analysis_of_acting_white.pdf\">https:\/\/scholar.harvard.edu\/files\/fryer\/files\/an_empirical_analysis_of_acting_white.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>It&#8217;s Not\n&#8220;A Black Thing&#8221;: Understanding the Burden of Acting White and Other\nDilemmas of High Achievement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Karolyn Tyson\net al. 8 2005. American Sociological Review. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4145378?seq=1\">https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4145378?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ebony.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Tyson_2005.pdf\">http:\/\/www.ebony.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Tyson_2005.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u201cActing White\u201d<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Roland Fryer. 6 22 2006. Education Next. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.educationnext.org\/actingwhite\/\">https:\/\/www.educationnext.org\/actingwhite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a>What does &#8220;acting White&#8221; really mean? Racial identity\nformation and academic achievement among Black youth<\/a><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Vinay Harpalani. PennGSE. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/urbanedjournal.gse.upenn.edu\/archive\/volume-1-issue-1-spring-2002\/what-does-acting-white-really-mean-racial-identity-formation-an\">https:\/\/urbanedjournal.gse.upenn.edu\/archive\/volume-1-issue-1-spring-2002\/what-does-acting-white-really-mean-racial-identity-formation-an<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Weighing\nthe &#8220;Burden of &#8216;Acting White'&#8221;: Are There Race Differences in\nAttitudes toward Education?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Philip J. Cook and Jens Ludwig. 1997. Journal of Policy Analysis and\nManagement. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/harris.uchicago.edu\/files\/inline-files\/JPAM-BurdenActingWhite-1997.pdf\">https:\/\/harris.uchicago.edu\/files\/inline-files\/JPAM-BurdenActingWhite-1997.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Examining the Black\u2013White Achievement Gap\nAmong Low-Income ChildrenUsing the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth\nDevelopment<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Margaret Burchinal et al. 9 2011. Child\ndevelopment. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/learningcommunityds.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Study_ChildhoodDevelopment_Burchinal_Study_100111.pdf\">https:\/\/learningcommunityds.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Study_ChildhoodDevelopment_Burchinal_Study_100111.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>THE CAUSAL EFFECTS OF CULTURAL\nRELEVANCE:EVIDENCE FROM AN ETHNIC STUDIES CURRICULUM<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thomas Dee and Emily Penner. 2 2017. American\nEducational Research Journal. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nber.org\/system\/files\/working_papers\/w21865\/w21865.pdf\">https:\/\/www.nber.org\/system\/files\/working_papers\/w21865\/w21865.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.3102\/0002831216677002\">https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.3102\/0002831216677002<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Black\/White\nDifferences in School Performance: The Oppositional Culture Explanation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Douglas B. Downey. 2008. Annu. Rev. Sociol. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net\/49922750\/2008_Black_White_Differences_in_School_Performance_ARS.pdf?1477608936=&amp;response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DBlack_White_Differences_in_School_Perfor.pdf&amp;Expires=1623091234&amp;Signature=QTHvMCVv6NokGjbbat30h0572a8boCLZy23wPfJOpEkwbhqOQmKEcpzVqeXwq~LXRPUOpAq~kyK1Y4OyMuszu3k3ez2PqpCGJKdHuydaKUPk-viZpndd6Oh1Qa5STd0-oZ2BlobNDzmo8PYq8qmVXZ1vRBInI~W6HctrYQ-CPV8YyGgDSmcsLUG68wsrA1oe7MLyY8NmoXdQkdy3Ohm-e73Tpoopz3N4v1ZBIo0-0itb47US9bAmVTIhah53jxcj7tNNvTl-m7FUVl23IfhOY4gCqHmxBlu4Pij8cR9MfOsoEo0hhm1CYZo-2QcBfp1C-oS9IWPAGvSH7mvQLt8dMQ__&amp;Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA\">https:\/\/d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net\/49922750\/2008_Black_White_Differences_in_School_Performance_ARS.pdf?1477608936=&amp;response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DBlack_White_Differences_in_School_Perfor.pdf&amp;Expires=1623091234&amp;Signature=QTHvMCVv6NokGjbbat30h0572a8boCLZy23wPfJOpEkwbhqOQmKEcpzVqeXwq~LXRPUOpAq~kyK1Y4OyMuszu3k3ez2PqpCGJKdHuydaKUPk-viZpndd6Oh1Qa5STd0-oZ2BlobNDzmo8PYq8qmVXZ1vRBInI~W6HctrYQ-CPV8YyGgDSmcsLUG68wsrA1oe7MLyY8NmoXdQkdy3Ohm-e73Tpoopz3N4v1ZBIo0-0itb47US9bAmVTIhah53jxcj7tNNvTl-m7FUVl23IfhOY4gCqHmxBlu4Pij8cR9MfOsoEo0hhm1CYZo-2QcBfp1C-oS9IWPAGvSH7mvQLt8dMQ__&amp;Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>RACIAL\nSEGREGATION AND THEBLACK\/WHITE ACHIEVEMENT GAP,1992 TO 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dennis J. Condron et al. 2013. The Sociological Quarterly. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net\/31584370\/2013_Racial_Segretation.pdf?1374048143=&amp;response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3D2013_Racial_Segretation.pdf&amp;Expires=1623091805&amp;Signature=dhMA0X7Naf4BXj-k0cDdMcrJmPr2iUGhCoK1SBfaDK0cv3PHgw-W01lx0pEaQ8oj3ap-0wN~8lf4ISxMvE8U7Tw1Lgg3-btv2tm-9wcRRGumxc7tnSh8ukhX9AAq~fddAhwToLPxTsNr6U2m~IEPUgJk-OuR~638f~IYtaHG7NkBfCDo~JGf-6nEValusvcFTQ4ktDZ851UjBLmzYWJQnUameplxtsDWEGcuvH5WO0bFFpXv5Csv8dTo9YNXasG5ades4yu9vjAGypWm8a~~jRFZSefwjxgs2PwNvQE0QTuagOdHDeORD-7dQgtu9qwqRox7SUYKRBE7r8QnB5OISQ__&amp;Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA\">https:\/\/d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net\/31584370\/2013_Racial_Segretation.pdf?1374048143=&amp;response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3D2013_Racial_Segretation.pdf&amp;Expires=1623091805&amp;Signature=dhMA0X7Naf4BXj-k0cDdMcrJmPr2iUGhCoK1SBfaDK0cv3PHgw-W01lx0pEaQ8oj3ap-0wN~8lf4ISxMvE8U7Tw1Lgg3-btv2tm-9wcRRGumxc7tnSh8ukhX9AAq~fddAhwToLPxTsNr6U2m~IEPUgJk-OuR~638f~IYtaHG7NkBfCDo~JGf-6nEValusvcFTQ4ktDZ851UjBLmzYWJQnUameplxtsDWEGcuvH5WO0bFFpXv5Csv8dTo9YNXasG5ades4yu9vjAGypWm8a~~jRFZSefwjxgs2PwNvQE0QTuagOdHDeORD-7dQgtu9qwqRox7SUYKRBE7r8QnB5OISQ__&amp;Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Racial wealth inequality: Social problems and solutions<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Brookings Institution. 6 3 2019. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=R49gXt0dnJk\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=R49gXt0dnJk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Color of Money: Black Banks and the Racial Wealth Gap<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Rainbow PUSH Coalition. 2 25 2019. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aj6s2OL6Mp4\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aj6s2OL6Mp4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The \u201cBurden\u201d of Oppositional Culture Among Black Youth in America<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Karolyn Tyson and Amanda E. Lewis. 7 2021.\nAnnual Review of Sociology. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.annualreviews.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1146\/annurev-soc-090420-092123\">https:\/\/www.annualreviews.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1146\/annurev-soc-090420-092123<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Contextualizing\noppositional cultures: A multilevel network analysis of status orders in\nschools<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hanno Kruse and Clemens Kroneberg. 12 2020. ECONtribute. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.econstor.eu\/bitstream\/10419\/228847\/1\/ECONtribute-044-2020.pdf\">https:\/\/www.econstor.eu\/bitstream\/10419\/228847\/1\/ECONtribute-044-2020.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Acting White: A Critical Review<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Kitae Sohn.\n2011. 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National Economic\nAssociation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1007\/s12114-014-9188-8\">https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1007\/s12114-014-9188-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cultural Invalidations: Deconstructing the\n\u201cActing White\u201d PhenomenonAmong Black and Latinx College Students<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Myles I. Durkee et al. 4 25 2019. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority\nPsychology. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Myles-Durkee\/publication\/332665332_Cultural_Invalidations_Deconstructing_the_Acting_White_Phenomenon_Among_Black_and_Latinx_College_Students\/links\/5ce7051a299bf14d95b51cdc\/Cultural-Invalidations-Deconstructing-the-Acting-White-Phenomenon-Among-Black-and-Latinx-College-Students.pdf\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Myles-Durkee\/publication\/332665332_Cultural_Invalidations_Deconstructing_the_Acting_White_Phenomenon_Among_Black_and_Latinx_College_Students\/links\/5ce7051a299bf14d95b51cdc\/Cultural-Invalidations-Deconstructing-the-Acting-White-Phenomenon-Among-Black-and-Latinx-College-Students.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Race and school achievement in a desegregated\nsuburb: reconsidering the oppositional culture explanation<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>John B. Diamond. 10 25 2007. International\nJournal of Qualitative Studies in Education. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/09518390701630791\">https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/09518390701630791<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Testing the\nOppositional Culture Explanation in Desegregated Schools: The Impact of Racial\nDifferences in Academic Orientations on School Performance<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>John B. Diamond and James P. Huguley. 2014. Social Forces. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/dm.education.wisc.edu\/jbdiamond\/intellcont\/social_forces-2014-diamond-747-77-1.pdf\">http:\/\/dm.education.wisc.edu\/jbdiamond\/intellcont\/social_forces-2014-diamond-747-77-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I (Don\u2019t) Hate School: Revisiting\nOppositional Culture Theory of Blacks\u2019 Resistance to Schooling<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Angel L.\nHarris. 2006. Social Forces. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/education-webfiles.s3.amazonaws.com\/arp\/garp\/articles\/SF-Harris06.pdf\">http:\/\/education-webfiles.s3.amazonaws.com\/arp\/garp\/articles\/SF-Harris06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Collective Identity and the Burden of\n\u201cActing White\u201d in Black History, Community, and Education<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>John U. Ogbu. 3 2004. The Urban Review. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/faculty.washington.edu\/rsoder\/EDUC310\/310OgbuCollectiveIdentity.pdf\">https:\/\/faculty.washington.edu\/rsoder\/EDUC310\/310OgbuCollectiveIdentity.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Color of Money<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Economic Policy Institute. 7 26 2019. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZuY8u9rlGPg\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZuY8u9rlGPg<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Thomas Sowell &#8211; Black Rednecks and White Liberals Audiobook<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Thomas Sowell. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=J92gQDZ4dL8\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=J92gQDZ4dL8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Austin\nRestricted: Progressivism, Zoning, Private Racial Covenants, and the Making of\na Segregated City<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Eliot M. Tretter. Institute for Urban Policy\nResearch and Analysis. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/liberalarts.utexas.edu\/iupra\/_files\/Tretter.Austin%20Restricted%20Final%202.pdf\">https:\/\/liberalarts.utexas.edu\/iupra\/_files\/Tretter.Austin%20Restricted%20Final%202.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A Multilevel Analysis of the Relationship Between Institutional and\nIndividual Racial Discrimination and Health Status<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Gilbert C.\nGee. 9 2008. Am J Public Health. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2518571\/\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2518571\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">New Racial Segregation Measures for Large Metropolitan Areas: Analysis of\nthe 1990-2010 Decennial Censuses<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>University of Michigan. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psc.isr.umich.edu\/dis\/census\/segregation2010.html\">https:\/\/www.psc.isr.umich.edu\/dis\/census\/segregation2010.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Don\u2019t blame black culture<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Jared Bernstein. 11 8 2006. Economic Policy Institute. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/webfeatures_viewpoints_dont_blame_culture\/\">https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/webfeatures_viewpoints_dont_blame_culture\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sequencing Disadvantage: Barriers to Employment Facing Young Black and\nWhite Men with Criminal Records<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Devah Pager et al. 2013. Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3583356\/\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3583356\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Source of Black Poverty Isn&#8217;t Black Culture, It&#8217;s American Culture<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Philip Bump. 4 1 2014. The Atlantic. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/politics\/archive\/2014\/04\/the-source-of-black-poverty-isnt-black-culture-its-american-culture\/359937\/\">https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/politics\/archive\/2014\/04\/the-source-of-black-poverty-isnt-black-culture-its-american-culture\/359937\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Secret Lives of Inner-City Black Males<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Ta-Nehisi Coates. 3 18 2014. The Atlantic. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/politics\/archive\/2014\/03\/the-secret-lives-of-inner-city-black-males\/284454\/\">https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/politics\/archive\/2014\/03\/the-secret-lives-of-inner-city-black-males\/284454\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sorry Meet Kevin&#8230; This Is The REAL Reason Why Blacks Are Poorer Than\nWhites<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Roughnecks eCom. 11 19 2019. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XT79_qBL2xw\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XT79_qBL2xw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dr. Thomas Shapiro: Toxic Inequality &amp; America\u2019s Wealth Gap<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Question Lane. 2019 12 31. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=emn8y3XeYyM\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=emn8y3XeYyM<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Black workers still face a promotion and wage gap that\u2019s costing the\neconomy trillions<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Courtney Connley. 4 16 2021. CNBC. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2021\/04\/16\/black-workers-face-promotion-and-wage-gaps-that-cost-the-economy-trillions.html\">https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2021\/04\/16\/black-workers-face-promotion-and-wage-gaps-that-cost-the-economy-trillions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Causes of\nInner-City Poverty: Eight Hypotheses in Search of Reality<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Michael B. Teitz and Karen Chapple. 1998. Cityscape: A Journal of Policy\nDevelopment and Research. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.huduser.gov\/Periodicals\/CITYSCPE\/VOL3NUM3\/article3.pdf\">https:\/\/www.huduser.gov\/Periodicals\/CITYSCPE\/VOL3NUM3\/article3.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Great Migration<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>1 26 2021. History. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/black-history\/great-migration\">https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/black-history\/great-migration<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Punishing and\ntoxic neighborhood environmentsindependently predict the intergenerational\nsocialmobility of black and white children<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Robert Manduca and Robert J. Sampson. 4 16 2019. PNAS. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/pnas\/116\/16\/7772.full.pdf\">https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/pnas\/116\/16\/7772.full.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Do the Poor Pay More for\nHousing?Exploitation, Profit, and Riskin Rental Markets<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Matthew Desmond\nand Nathan Wilmers. 1 2019. AJS. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.journals.uchicago.edu\/doi\/pdfplus\/10.1086\/701697\">https:\/\/www.journals.uchicago.edu\/doi\/pdfplus\/10.1086\/701697<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Belief in the\nCode of the Street and Individual Involvement in Offending: A Meta-Analysis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Richard K. Moule Jr and Bryanna Fox. 2020.\nYouth Violence and Juvenile Justice. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/prohic.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/128-26november2020-StreetCodeOffendingmeta.pdf\">https:\/\/prohic.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/128-26november2020-StreetCodeOffendingmeta.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hot Spots of Crime are Not Just Hot Spots of Crime: Examining Health\nOutcomes at Street Segments<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>David Eeisburd\nand Clair White. 3 6 2019. J Contemp Crm Justice. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6746421\/\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6746421\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Black Wealth Gap<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Nevada Chapter APA. 10 30 2020. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FxWURkyxVHM\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FxWURkyxVHM<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&#8220;Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome,&#8221; Part 2. Joy DeGruy Leary, the\nBlack Bag Speakers Series, PSU, 2006<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>6 2 2015. Portland State University. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=lNAtEXavTF4\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=lNAtEXavTF4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome with Dr. Joy Degruy 2020<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Manicka Thomas. 5 21 2020. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=37evWT5ZUYA\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=37evWT5ZUYA<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Are Whites and minorities more similar than\ndifferent? Testing the cultural similarities hypothesis on psychopathology with\na second-order meta-analysis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>JOSE \u0301M. CAUSADIAS, KEVIN M. KOROUS, AND KARINA M.\nCAHILL. 2018. Development and Psychopathology. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/static1.squarespace.com\/static\/5ba2c86d3c3a53fa27c5715e\/t\/5db864f421e3ec22765fe619\/1572365557004\/Causadias%2C+Korous%2C+%26+Cahill%2C+2018.pdf\">https:\/\/static1.squarespace.com\/static\/5ba2c86d3c3a53fa27c5715e\/t\/5db864f421e3ec22765fe619\/1572365557004\/Causadias%2C+Korous%2C+%26+Cahill%2C+2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A Systematic Review\nand Meta-Analysis of Racial\/Ethnic Differences and Similarities in Executive\nFunction Performance in the United States<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gianna Rea-Sandin, Kevin M. Korous, and Jose\nM. Causadias. 2021. American Psychological Association. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/static1.squarespace.com\/static\/5ba2c86d3c3a53fa27c5715e\/t\/605d3e721b937e3fcecc2d8f\/1616723572314\/Rea-Sandin%2C+Korous%2C+%26+Causadias%2C+2021.pdf\">https:\/\/static1.squarespace.com\/static\/5ba2c86d3c3a53fa27c5715e\/t\/605d3e721b937e3fcecc2d8f\/1616723572314\/Rea-Sandin%2C+Korous%2C+%26+Causadias%2C+2021.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A systematic\nreview and meta-analysis of the association of neighborhood ethnic-racial\nconcentrations and adolescent behavior problems in the U.S.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rebecca M.B. White, Michelle C. Pasco, Kevin\nM. Korous, and Jose M. Causadias. 2020. Journal of Adolescence. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Jose-Causadias-2\/publication\/338147794_A_systematic_review_and_meta-analysis_of_the_association_of_neighborhood_ethnic-racial_concentrations_and_adolescent_behaviour_problems_in_the_US\/links\/5e482d17a6fdccd965a913fe\/A-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-of-the-association-of-neighborhood-ethnic-racial-concentrations-and-adolescent-behaviour-problems-in-the-US.pdf\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Jose-Causadias-2\/publication\/338147794_A_systematic_review_and_meta-analysis_of_the_association_of_neighborhood_ethnic-racial_concentrations_and_adolescent_behaviour_problems_in_the_US\/links\/5e482d17a6fdccd965a913fe\/A-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-of-the-association-of-neighborhood-ethnic-racial-concentrations-and-adolescent-behaviour-problems-in-the-US.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Unpacking the link between socioeconomic\nstatus and behavior problems: A second-order meta-analysis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M. KOROUS, JOSE \u0301M. CAUSADIAS, ROBERT H.\nBRADLEY, AND SUNIYA S. LUTHA. 2018. Development and\nPsychopathology. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Jose-Causadias-2\/publication\/327919150_Unpacking_the_link_between_socioeconomic_status_and_behavior_problems_A_second-order_meta-analysis\/links\/5bad42f0a6fdccd3cb78ccb0\/Unpacking-the-link-between-socioeconomic-status-and-behavior-problems-A-second-order-meta-analysis.pdf\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Jose-Causadias-2\/publication\/327919150_Unpacking_the_link_between_socioeconomic_status_and_behavior_problems_A_second-order_meta-analysis\/links\/5bad42f0a6fdccd3cb78ccb0\/Unpacking-the-link-between-socioeconomic-status-and-behavior-problems-A-second-order-meta-analysis.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Google<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=interlazing+and+externazing+behavior+problems&amp;oq=interlazing+and+externazing+behavior+problems&amp;aqs=chrome..69i57j0i13j0i390l2.6691j0j7&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8\">https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=interlazing+and+externazing+behavior+problems&amp;oq=interlazing+and+externazing+behavior+problems&amp;aqs=chrome..69i57j0i13j0i390l2.6691j0j7&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Post Traumatic\nSlave Syndrome A LiteratureReview on African American Community Healingand\nExpressive Arts Therapy<strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Akinlana\nBurrowes. 2019. Lesley University. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/digitalcommons.lesley.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1191&amp;context=expressive_theses\">https:\/\/digitalcommons.lesley.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1191&amp;context=expressive_theses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dr. Joy DeGruy Leary: Post Traumatic Slave Disorder<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Terrance Carney. 9\n12 2016. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=BGjSday7f_8\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=BGjSday7f_8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conversations on Race and Policing (#33, &#8220;Breaking Rank,&#8221; Norm\nStamper), CSUSB<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>CSUSB History Club Lecture Series. 6 4 2021. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6cj1aeTk7mo\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6cj1aeTk7mo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Breaking Rank: A Top Cop&#8217;s Expos\u00e9 of the Dark Side of American Policing\n(Norm Stamper)<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Criticizing Cops. 9 25 2018. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8ziQpWhJqBA\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8ziQpWhJqBA<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Color of Money v144P<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Viral Bookz. 6 9 2021. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=irYEaVnvTl8\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=irYEaVnvTl8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Case for Reparations<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Ta-Nehisi Coates. 6 2014. The Atlantic. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/magazine\/archive\/2014\/06\/the-case-for-reparations\/361631\/\">https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/magazine\/archive\/2014\/06\/the-case-for-reparations\/361631\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stop Pointing at Asian Americans to Downplay Racism at Universities<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Civil and Human Rights News. 1 17 2018. The\nLeadership Conference Education Fund. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/civilrights.org\/edfund\/resource\/stop-pointing-asian-americans-downplay-racism-universities\/#\">https:\/\/civilrights.org\/edfund\/resource\/stop-pointing-asian-americans-downplay-racism-universities\/#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>UPWARD\nMOBILITY AND DISCRIMINATION:THE CASE OF ASIAN AMERICANS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nathaniel Hilger. 9 2017. National Bureau of\nEconomic Research. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nber.org\/system\/files\/working_papers\/w22748\/w22748.pdf\">https:\/\/www.nber.org\/system\/files\/working_papers\/w22748\/w22748.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Asian American Response to Black Lives Matter Is Part of a Long,\nComplicated History<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Cady\nLang. 6 26 2020. TIME. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/5851792\/asian-americans-black-solidarity-history\/\">https:\/\/time.com\/5851792\/asian-americans-black-solidarity-history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Economic Status of\nAsian Americans Before and After the Civil Rights Act<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Harriet Orcutt Duleep and Seth Sanders. 6\n2012. IZA. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/ftp.iza.org\/dp6639.pdf\">http:\/\/ftp.iza.org\/dp6639.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Slavery by Another Name<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>See Black See Power. 7 5 2014. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=UcCxsLDma2o\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=UcCxsLDma2o<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Slavery by Another Name: The Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil\nWar to World War II<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Smithsonian. 3 14 2011. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=KPlk41mNDuM\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=KPlk41mNDuM<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reparations with Duke Kwon and Greg Thompson<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>The Front Porch. 3 18 2021. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=zT7wsIV1NPI\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=zT7wsIV1NPI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>What are some of the\npros, and cons for reparations of descendants of former slaves in the U.S.?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>John Dewar Gleissner. 2018. Quora. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.quora.com\/What-are-some-of-the-pros-and-cons-for-reparations-of-descendants-of-former-slaves-in-the-U-S\">https:\/\/www.quora.com\/What-are-some-of-the-pros-and-cons-for-reparations-of-descendants-of-former-slaves-in-the-U-S<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Civil War Casualties<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>HistoryNet<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.historynet.com\/civil-war-casualties\">https:\/\/www.historynet.com\/civil-war-casualties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Civil War Casualties<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>American Battlefield\nTrust. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.battlefields.org\/learn\/articles\/civil-war-casualties\">https:\/\/www.battlefields.org\/learn\/articles\/civil-war-casualties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>What are some of the\npros, and cons for reparations of descendants of former slaves in the U.S.?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Russ Corbet. 2020. Quora. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.quora.com\/What-are-some-of-the-pros-and-cons-for-reparations-of-descendants-of-former-slaves-in-the-U-S\">https:\/\/www.quora.com\/What-are-some-of-the-pros-and-cons-for-reparations-of-descendants-of-former-slaves-in-the-U-S<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Impossibility of Reparations<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>David Frum. 2021 6 18. The\nAtlantic. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/business\/archive\/2014\/06\/the-impossibility-of-reparations\/372041\/\">https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/business\/archive\/2014\/06\/the-impossibility-of-reparations\/372041\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Study: Stark Differences in Media Use Between Minority, White Youth<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Wendy Leopold. 6 8 2011.\nNorthwestern<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.northwestern.edu\/newscenter\/stories\/2011\/06\/media-usa-youth-wartella.html\">https:\/\/www.northwestern.edu\/newscenter\/stories\/2011\/06\/media-usa-youth-wartella.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The Common Sense Census: Media Use by Tweens and Teens.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Common Sense Media Inc. 2015. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.commonsensemedia.org\/sites\/default\/files\/uploads\/research\/census_researchreport.pdf\">https:\/\/www.commonsensemedia.org\/sites\/default\/files\/uploads\/research\/census_researchreport.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS\n:MEDIA USE BY KIDS AGE ZERO TO EIGHT<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Common Sense Media. 2017. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.commonsensemedia.org\/sites\/default\/files\/uploads\/research\/csm_zerotoeight_fullreport_release_2.pdf\">https:\/\/www.commonsensemedia.org\/sites\/default\/files\/uploads\/research\/csm_zerotoeight_fullreport_release_2.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zero to Eight Children\u2019s\nMedia Use in America<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Common Sense Media. 2011. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ftc.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/public_comments\/california-00325%C2%A0\/00325-82243.pdf\">https:\/\/www.ftc.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/public_comments\/california-00325%C2%A0\/00325-82243.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The\nCultural War over Reparations for Slavery<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alfred L. Brophy. 2004. DePaul\nLaw Review. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.udayton.edu\/race\/02rights\/repara29c.htm\">https:\/\/academic.udayton.edu\/race\/02rights\/repara29c.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Glenn Loury &amp; John McWhorter, on the race debate in America today<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Program on Constitutional Government at Harvard. 5 28 2019. Harvard. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aG3LVhjSocY\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aG3LVhjSocY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Community Reinvestment Act<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Kimberly Amadeo and Michael J Boyle. 2 23 2021. The balance. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/community-reinvestment-act-3305681\">https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/community-reinvestment-act-3305681<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Community Reinvestment Act of 1977<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Michael Berry, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago and Jessie Romero. Federal\nReserve Bank of Richmond.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalreservehistory.org\/essays\/community-reinvestment-act\">https:\/\/www.federalreservehistory.org\/essays\/community-reinvestment-act<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Community Reinvestment Act<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Wikipedia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Community_Reinvestment_Act#Effectiveness\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Community_Reinvestment_Act#Effectiveness<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Does the Community Reinvestment Act Help Minorities\nAccess Traditionally Inaccessible Neighborhoods?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Samantha Friedman and Gregory D. Squires. 5 2005. Social Problems. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.1525\/sp.2005.52.2.209\">https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.1525\/sp.2005.52.2.209<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The Unintended Consequences of Promising Black Americans Reparations. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Reginald L. Bell. 2020. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/poseidon01.ssrn.com\/delivery.php?ID=479004100026075005086019121126127090056069085080028027023075022081090007007098067105004042026057051007117115100080105112013070045047056048048068028081126106090067073058014071065104075115072001086099101119071123118028122123127108005018030126127103094090&amp;EXT=pdf&amp;INDEX=TRUE\">https:\/\/poseidon01.ssrn.com\/delivery.php?ID=479004100026075005086019121126127090056069085080028027023075022081090007007098067105004042026057051007117115100080105112013070045047056048048068028081126106090067073058014071065104075115072001086099101119071123118028122123127108005018030126127103094090&amp;EXT=pdf&amp;INDEX=TRUE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9 \u2018Facts\u2019 About Slavery They Don\u2019t Want You to Know<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>David Emery. 8 2016. Snopes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.snopes.com\/fact-check\/facts-about-slavery\/\">https:\/\/www.snopes.com\/fact-check\/facts-about-slavery\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">White Cargo: The Forgotten History of Britain\u2019s White Slaves in America<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Eamonn Gearon. Frontline Club. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/white_cargo_the_forgotten_history_of_britains_white_slaves_in_america\/\">https:\/\/www.frontlineclub.com\/white_cargo_the_forgotten_history_of_britains_white_slaves_in_america\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">REPARATIONS: Taking Ta-Nehisi Coates Seriously<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>The New Behaviorism. 6 20 2019. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-wordpress wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-the-new-behaviorism\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/sites.duke.edu\/behavior\/2019\/06\/20\/reparations-taking-ta-nehisi-coates-seriously\/\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reparations for slavery are unworkable \u2014 and unjust<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Jeff Jacoby. 3 29 2019. Boston Globe.&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bostonglobe.com\/opinion\/2019\/03\/29\/reparations-for-slavery-are-unworkable-and-unjust\/nEUbM1yUXPdRxjLbjHVwII\/story.html\">https:\/\/www.bostonglobe.com\/opinion\/2019\/03\/29\/reparations-for-slavery-are-unworkable-and-unjust\/nEUbM1yUXPdRxjLbjHVwII\/story.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Investigating White Slavery<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Frontline Club. 1 31 2013. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=OBfwlMYu068\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=OBfwlMYu068<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How reparations for American descendants of slavery could narrow the racial\nwealth divide<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>William Darity Jr. and A. Kirsten Mullen. 6 20 2019. NBC\nNews. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/think\/opinion\/how-reparations-american-descendants-slavery-could-narrow-racial-wealth-divide-ncna1019691\">https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/think\/opinion\/how-reparations-american-descendants-slavery-could-narrow-racial-wealth-divide-ncna1019691<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The logistics of a reparations program in the United States<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Dania Francis. 2 18 2020. Washington Center for Equitable\nGrowth. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/equitablegrowth.org\/the-logistics-of-a-reparations-program-in-the-united-states\/\">https:\/\/equitablegrowth.org\/the-logistics-of-a-reparations-program-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Do Descendants of Slaves Find Their Ancestors?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Rebecca Onion. 9 2 2016. Slate. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/slate.com\/news-and-politics\/2016\/09\/how-do-descendants-of-slaves-find-their-ancestors.html\">https:\/\/slate.com\/news-and-politics\/2016\/09\/how-do-descendants-of-slaves-find-their-ancestors.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How do you trace ancestors who were slaves?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Jasmine Taylor-Coleman. 9 11 2016. BBC News<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/magazine-37291230\">https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/magazine-37291230<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Federal\nRecords that Help Identify Former Slaves and Slave Owners<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Clair Kluskens. 10 2018. National Archives. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.archives.gov\/files\/calendar\/genealogy-fair\/2018\/2-kluskens-handout.pdf\">https:\/\/www.archives.gov\/files\/calendar\/genealogy-fair\/2018\/2-kluskens-handout.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Truth Behind \u201940 Acres and a Mule\u2019<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Henry Louis Gates, Jr. 2014. PBS. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-wordpress wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-the-african-americans-many-rivers-to-cross\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"CRpWS86nBL\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/african-americans-many-rivers-to-cross\/history\/the-truth-behind-40-acres-and-a-mule\/\">The Truth Behind &#8217;40 Acres and a Mule&#8217;<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;The Truth Behind &#8217;40 Acres and a Mule&#8217;&#8221; &#8212; The African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/african-americans-many-rivers-to-cross\/history\/the-truth-behind-40-acres-and-a-mule\/embed\/#?secret=KkBNORbFSF#?secret=CRpWS86nBL\" data-secret=\"CRpWS86nBL\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Order by the Commander of the Military Division of the Mississippi<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Major General W. T. Sherman. 1 16 1865. Freedmen and Southern Society\nProject. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.freedmen.umd.edu\/sfo15.htm\">http:\/\/www.freedmen.umd.edu\/sfo15.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Thorny History of Reparations in the United States<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Erin Blakemore. 8 28 2019. History. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/reparations-slavery-native-americans-japanese-internment\">https:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/reparations-slavery-native-americans-japanese-internment<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Tuskegee Timeline<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>CDC. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tuskegee\/timeline.htm\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tuskegee\/timeline.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reparations would shake up American capitalism \u2013 and that\u2019s a good thing<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Aaron White. 5 25 2021. Open Democracy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/oureconomy\/reparations-would-shake-up-american-capitalism-and-thats-a-good-thing\/\">https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/oureconomy\/reparations-would-shake-up-american-capitalism-and-thats-a-good-thing\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Toxic Inequality: How America\u2019s Racial Wealth Gap Threatens Our Future<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>The Aspen Institute. 4 3 2017. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Toxic Inequality: How America\u2019s Racial Wealth Gap Threatens Our Future\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CNEGW1-Ktpc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">All Things Reparations with Dr. Ray Winbush<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Black Power Media. 2020 12 15. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=5YKC8LPT0uI\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=5YKC8LPT0uI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">William (\u201cSandy\u201d) Darity, Jr. &#8211; 155 Years Overdue: Black Reparations in the\nUnited States<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>YalePsychiatry. 2 1 2021. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=kOP-t01Csyc\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=kOP-t01Csyc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why it\u2019s important to study disparities within ethnic groups | Glenn Loury\n&amp; William \u201cSandy\u201d Darity<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Bloggingheads.tv. 2 17 2016. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=VMGJVXnpgzw\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=VMGJVXnpgzw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Facing Reality | Glenn Loury &amp; Charles Murray | The Glenn Show<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Bloggingheads.tv. 6 25 2021. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wqgUclg7-Lk\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wqgUclg7-Lk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reparations Speaker Series 6-3-2021<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>City of Asheville. 6 3 3021. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=5IqiBBCeHX4\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=5IqiBBCeHX4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Being black in 2018 | Glenn Loury &amp; John McWhorter [The Glenn Show]<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Bloggingheads.tv. 2 6 2018. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Being black in 2018 | Glenn Loury &amp; John McWhorter [The Glenn Show]\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/IHNeafr4_ws?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Congress Apologizes for Slavery, Jim Crow<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Tell Me More. 7 30 2008. NPR. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/templates\/story\/story.php?storyId=93059465\">https:\/\/www.npr.org\/templates\/story\/story.php?storyId=93059465<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Senate Apology For Slavery Gets Mixed Reaction<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Tell Me More. 6 24 2009. NPR. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/templates\/story\/story.php?storyId=105850676\">https:\/\/www.npr.org\/templates\/story\/story.php?storyId=105850676<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Toxic Inequality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thomas M. Shapiro. 2017. Basic Books: New York. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to close the racial wealth gap in a generation<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Boyce Watkins. 10 18 2020. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How to close the racial wealth gap in a generation\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Mg0PoFvWUek?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10 myths about the racial wealth gap<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Dion Rabouin. 7 23 2020. Axios. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.axios.com\/racial-wealth-gap-ten-myths-d14fe524-fec6-41fc-9976-0be71bc23aec.html\">https:\/\/www.axios.com\/racial-wealth-gap-ten-myths-d14fe524-fec6-41fc-9976-0be71bc23aec.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Investment in higher education by race and ethnicity<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 3 2014. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/mlr\/2014\/article\/investment-in-higher-education-by-race-and-ethnicity.htm?utm_source=newsletter&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=newsletter_axiosmarkets&amp;stream=business\">https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/mlr\/2014\/article\/investment-in-higher-education-by-race-and-ethnicity.htm?utm_source=newsletter&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=newsletter_axiosmarkets&amp;stream=business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Racial Differences in Patterns of Wealth Accumulation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Maury Gittleman and Edward N. Wolff. 2004. The Journal of Human Resources. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/3559010?origin=crossref\">https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/3559010?origin=crossref<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nPolitical Economy of Education, Financial Literacy, and the Racial Wealth Gap<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Darrick Hamilton and William A. Darity, Jr. 2017. Federal Reserve Bank of\nSt. Louis Review. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/files.stlouisfed.org\/files\/htdocs\/publications\/review\/2017-02-15\/the-political-economy-of-education-financial-literacy-and-the-racial-wealth-gap.pdf?utm_source=newsletter&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=newsletter_axiosmarkets&amp;stream=business\">https:\/\/files.stlouisfed.org\/files\/htdocs\/publications\/review\/2017-02-15\/the-political-economy-of-education-financial-literacy-and-the-racial-wealth-gap.pdf?utm_source=newsletter&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=newsletter_axiosmarkets&amp;stream=business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nHidden Racism in Economics<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>John\nKomlos. University of Munich. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.econ.iastate.edu\/files\/events\/files\/komlos_hidden_racism_in_economics_2.pdf\">https:\/\/www.econ.iastate.edu\/files\/events\/files\/komlos_hidden_racism_in_economics_2.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The racial\/ethnic gap in financial literacy\nin the populationand by income<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Marco Angrisani et al. 6 2019. Contemporary\nEconomic Policy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/coep.12507\">https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/coep.12507<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">African-American and Hispanic Income, Wealth and Homeownership since 1989<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Edward N. Wolff. 5 2021. Review of Income and\nWealth\/Early View. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/roiw.12518\">https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/roiw.12518<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Entrepreneurship and the Racial Wealth Gap: The Impact of Entrepreneurial\nSuccess or Failure on the Wealth Mobility of Black and White&nbsp;Families<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Teresa Kroeger and Graham Wright. 2021. Journal of Economics, Race, and\nPolicy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s41996-021-00081-6\">https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s41996-021-00081-6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Simulating How Large Policy Proposals Affect the Black-White Wealth Gap<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Christian E. Weller et al. 2021. Journal of Economics, Race, and Policy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s41996-020-00077-8?wt_mc=Internal.Event.1.SEM.ArticleAuthorOnlineFirst&amp;utm_source=ArticleAuthorOnlineFirst&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=AA_en_06082018&amp;ArticleAuthorOnlineFirst_20210126&amp;error=cookies_not_supported&amp;code=b34d95af-05ce-4f08-831f-4783a23b50f7\">https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s41996-020-00077-8?wt_mc=Internal.Event.1.SEM.ArticleAuthorOnlineFirst&amp;utm_source=ArticleAuthorOnlineFirst&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=AA_en_06082018&amp;ArticleAuthorOnlineFirst_20210126&amp;error=cookies_not_supported&amp;code=b34d95af-05ce-4f08-831f-4783a23b50f7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The Black-white wealth gap left Black households more vulnerable<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Emily Moss et al. 12 8 2020. Brookings. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blog\/up-front\/2020\/12\/08\/the-black-white-wealth-gap-left-black-households-more-vulnerable\/\">https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blog\/up-front\/2020\/12\/08\/the-black-white-wealth-gap-left-black-households-more-vulnerable\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Limitations of Black Conservative Thought<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Aaron Hanna. 6 24 2021. Quillette. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/quillette.com\/2021\/06\/24\/the-limitations-of-black-conservative-thought\/\">https:\/\/quillette.com\/2021\/06\/24\/the-limitations-of-black-conservative-thought\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What We Get Wrong About Closing the Racial\nWealth Gap<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>William Darity Jr et al. 4 2018.\nInsight Center for Community Economic Development. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/narrowthegap.org\/images\/documents\/Wealth-Gap---FINAL-COMPLETE-REPORT.pdf\">http:\/\/narrowthegap.org\/images\/documents\/Wealth-Gap&#8212;FINAL-COMPLETE-REPORT.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Racial\/Ethnic Differences in IQ Test Scores: The Case for Environmental and\nSocial Justice<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Lawrence G.\nWeiss. US. 2021 4 1. Pearson Assessments<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=RY6-Pvld9dw\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=RY6-Pvld9dw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Beyond Net Worth: Racial Differences in Wealth Portfolios and Black-White\nHealth Inequality across the Life Course<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Courtney E.\nBoen et al. 6 2020. J Health Soc Behav. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8034808\/\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8034808\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Falling Behind: The Role of Inter- and Intragenerational Processes in\nWidening Racial and Ethnic Wealth Gaps through Early and Middle Adulthood<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Alexandra Killewald and Brielle Bryan. 12 2018. Social\nForces. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sf\/article-abstract\/97\/2\/705\/5053105\">https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sf\/article-abstract\/97\/2\/705\/5053105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Wealth Privilege and the Racial Wealth Gap: A Case Study in Economic\nStratification<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Robert B. Williams. 1 1 2017. The Review of Black Political\nEconomy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1007\/s12114-017-9259-8\">https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1007\/s12114-017-9259-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Is Behind the Persistence of the Racial Wealth Gap?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Dionissi Aliprantis and Daniel R. Carroll.&nbsp; 2 28 2019. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.clevelandfed.org\/newsroom-and-events\/publications\/economic-commentary\/2019-economic-commentaries\/ec-201903-what-is-behind-the-persistence-of-the-racial-wealth-gap\">https:\/\/www.clevelandfed.org\/newsroom-and-events\/publications\/economic-commentary\/2019-economic-commentaries\/ec-201903-what-is-behind-the-persistence-of-the-racial-wealth-gap<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Before the Pandemic, Homeowners of Color Faced\nStructural Barriers to the Benefits of Homeownership<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Michael Neal et al. 8 2020. Urban\nInstitute. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.urban.org\/sites\/default\/files\/publication\/102781\/before-the-pandemic-homeowners-of-color-faced-structural-barriers-to-the-benefits-of-homeownership.pdf\">https:\/\/www.urban.org\/sites\/default\/files\/publication\/102781\/before-the-pandemic-homeowners-of-color-faced-structural-barriers-to-the-benefits-of-homeownership.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Parents\u2019 financial assistance for college and\nblack-white disparities in post-secondary educational attainment<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Yunju\nNam. 3 2020. Children and Youth Services Review. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0190740919311223\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0190740919311223<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Associations between racial and socioeconomic discrimination and risk\nbehaviors among African-American adolescents and young adults: a latent class\nanalysis.<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Tiffany H Xie et al. 11 2020. Social\nPsychiatry &amp; Psychiatric Epidemiology. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/web.b.ebscohost.com\/abstract?direct=true&amp;profile=ehost&amp;scope=site&amp;authtype=crawler&amp;jrnl=09337954&amp;AN=146556132&amp;h=xGWCgZVkOySSXCzDH%2fYNX9rfFEPMRHmh6dr0p09YVUszgFr1RKg8iTNI8z5Y9zwq4r%2ffu%2fHjbGN8EZZ5cHKA5w%3d%3d&amp;crl=c&amp;resultNs=AdminWebAuth&amp;resultLocal=ErrCrlNotAuth&amp;crlhashurl=login.aspx%3fdirect%3dtrue%26profile%3dehost%26scope%3dsite%26authtype%3dcrawler%26jrnl%3d09337954%26AN%3d146556132\">https:\/\/web.b.ebscohost.com\/abstract?direct=true&amp;profile=ehost&amp;scope=site&amp;authtype=crawler&amp;jrnl=09337954&amp;AN=146556132&amp;h=xGWCgZVkOySSXCzDH%2fYNX9rfFEPMRHmh6dr0p09YVUszgFr1RKg8iTNI8z5Y9zwq4r%2ffu%2fHjbGN8EZZ5cHKA5w%3d%3d&amp;crl=c&amp;resultNs=AdminWebAuth&amp;resultLocal=ErrCrlNotAuth&amp;crlhashurl=login.aspx%3fdirect%3dtrue%26profile%3dehost%26scope%3dsite%26authtype%3dcrawler%26jrnl%3d09337954%26AN%3d146556132<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Differential\nRates of Return and Racial WealthInequality<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Luke Petach and Daniele Tavani. 10 1 2020. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Luke-Petach\/publication\/342151698_Differential_Rates_of_Return_and_Racial_Wealth_Inequality\/links\/5f75fd7b92851c14bca5813e\/Differential-Rates-of-Return-and-Racial-Wealth-Inequality.pdf\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Luke-Petach\/publication\/342151698_Differential_Rates_of_Return_and_Racial_Wealth_Inequality\/links\/5f75fd7b92851c14bca5813e\/Differential-Rates-of-Return-and-Racial-Wealth-Inequality.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>WHAT DRIVES RACIAL AND\nETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN HIGH COST MORTGAGES?THE ROLE OF HIGH RISK LENDERS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Patrick Bayer et al. 2 2016.\nNational Bureau of Economic Research. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nber.org\/system\/files\/working_papers\/w22004\/w22004.pdf\">https:\/\/www.nber.org\/system\/files\/working_papers\/w22004\/w22004.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ethnic\nand Racial Disparities in Saving Behavior*<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mariela Dal Borgo. 2018-2. Banco de\nMexico. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.econstor.eu\/bitstream\/10419\/174477\/1\/2018-02.pdf\">https:\/\/www.econstor.eu\/bitstream\/10419\/174477\/1\/2018-02.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cultural implications of historical exclusion for the racial wealth gap:\nHow ideal financial behavior varies by race<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Zawadi\nRucks-Ahidiana. 2017. American Journal of Cultural Sociology. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1057\/s41290-016-0013-7\">https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1057\/s41290-016-0013-7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Unequal Degrees of Affluence: Racial and Ethnic Wealth Differences across\nEducation Levels<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>William R. Emmons and Lowell R. Ricketts. 2016 10 12. Federal\nReserve Bank of St. Louis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stlouisfed.org\/publications\/regional-economist\/october-2016\/unequal-degrees-of-affluence-racial-and-ethnic-wealth-differences-across-education-levels\">https:\/\/www.stlouisfed.org\/publications\/regional-economist\/october-2016\/unequal-degrees-of-affluence-racial-and-ethnic-wealth-differences-across-education-levels<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">African Americans are paid less than whites at every education level<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Valerie Wilson. 10 4 2016. Economic Policy Institute. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/african-americans-are-paid-less-than-whites-at-every-education-level\/\">https:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/african-americans-are-paid-less-than-whites-at-every-education-level\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nEconomic State of Black America in 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join Economic Committee. Congressman Don Beyer, Vice Chair. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jec.senate.gov\/public\/_cache\/files\/ccf4dbe2-810a-44f8-b3e7-14f7e5143ba6\/economic-state-of-black-america-2020.pdf\">https:\/\/www.jec.senate.gov\/public\/_cache\/files\/ccf4dbe2-810a-44f8-b3e7-14f7e5143ba6\/economic-state-of-black-america-2020.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>What percentage of African Americans are descendants of\nslaves?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Quora. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.quora.com\/What-percentage-of-African-Americans-are-descendants-of-slaves\">https:\/\/www.quora.com\/What-percentage-of-African-Americans-are-descendants-of-slaves<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>United States\/African American\/Population<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Google. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?client=firefox-b-1-d&amp;q=number+of+blacks+in+the+united+states\">https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?client=firefox-b-1-d&amp;q=number+of+blacks+in+the+united+states<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>United States\/African American\/Households<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Google. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=number+of+black+households+in+united+states&amp;client=firefox-b-1-d&amp;biw=1059&amp;bih=1022&amp;sxsrf=ALeKk03yJculpC-Glzt7mPHL12HmbpsRtw%3A1626455072103&amp;ei=ILzxYMjCBcXRtAay9IeYBA&amp;oq=number+of+black+households+in+united+states&amp;gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAMyCAghEBYQHRAeMggIIRAWEB0QHjIICCEQFhAdEB4yCAghEBYQHRAeOgcIABBHELADOgQIIxAnOgUIABCRAjoECAAQQzoCCAA6CwgAELEDEIMBEMkDOggIABCxAxCDAToFCAAQhgM6BggAEBYQHkoECEEYAFCkzwJYzv0CYLT-AmgBcAJ4AIABbogB3heSAQQzNS4ymAEAoAEBqgEHZ3dzLXdpesgBCMABAQ&amp;sclient=gws-wiz&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjI0sKmiejxAhXFKM0KHTL6AUM4FBDh1QMIDQ&amp;uact=5\">https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=number+of+black+households+in+united+states&amp;client=firefox-b-1-d&amp;biw=1059&amp;bih=1022&amp;sxsrf=ALeKk03yJculpC-Glzt7mPHL12HmbpsRtw%3A1626455072103&amp;ei=ILzxYMjCBcXRtAay9IeYBA&amp;oq=number+of+black+households+in+united+states&amp;gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAMyCAghEBYQHRAeMggIIRAWEB0QHjIICCEQFhAdEB4yCAghEBYQHRAeOgcIABBHELADOgQIIxAnOgUIABCRAjoECAAQQzoCCAA6CwgAELEDEIMBEMkDOggIABCxAxCDAToFCAAQhgM6BggAEBYQHkoECEEYAFCkzwJYzv0CYLT-AmgBcAJ4AIABbogB3heSAQQzNS4ymAEAoAEBqgEHZ3dzLXdpesgBCMABAQ&amp;sclient=gws-wiz&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjI0sKmiejxAhXFKM0KHTL6AUM4FBDh1QMIDQ&amp;uact=5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Have We Learned About Culture, Disadvantage and Black Youth?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Orlando Patterson. 9 14 2016. Case Western Reserve University. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"What Have We Learned About Culture, Disadvantage and Black Youth?\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/We3hLvOLjl4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why America can\u2019t escape its racist roots<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Liz Mineo. 6 4 2020. The Harvard Gazette. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-wordpress wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-harvard-gazette\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"Aplh9xrXxJ\"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/06\/orlando-patterson-explains-why-america-cant-escape-its-racist-roots\/\">Why America can\u2019t escape its racist roots<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Why America can\u2019t escape its racist roots&#8221; &#8212; Harvard Gazette\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/06\/orlando-patterson-explains-why-america-cant-escape-its-racist-roots\/embed\/#?secret=SvbzXGLaQu#?secret=Aplh9xrXxJ\" data-secret=\"Aplh9xrXxJ\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Don\u2019t Be Like That<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Kelefa Sanneh. 2015 2 2. The New Yorker. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2015\/02\/09\/dont-like\">https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2015\/02\/09\/dont-like<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Homicide Rates Among Persons Aged 10\u201324 Years \u2014 United States, 1981\u20132010<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>CDC. 7 12 2013. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/preview\/mmwrhtml\/mm6227a1.htm\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/preview\/mmwrhtml\/mm6227a1.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What the data says (and doesn\u2019t say) about crime in the United States<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>John Gramlich. 11 20 2020. Pew Research Center. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2020\/11\/20\/facts-about-crime-in-the-u-s\/\">https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2020\/11\/20\/facts-about-crime-in-the-u-s\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dr. Umar Johnson: BLACK PEOPLE in ECONOMICS CRISIS (60 MV)<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>60 Million Views. 12 30 2020. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=or7oRYrqGGc\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=or7oRYrqGGc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&#8216;Understanding Black Youth&#8217;: Its Cultural Vibrancy And Its Challenges<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Wbur. 3 19 2015. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wbur.org\/hereandnow\/2015\/03\/19\/understanding-black-youth\">https:\/\/www.wbur.org\/hereandnow\/2015\/03\/19\/understanding-black-youth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A Poverty of the Mind<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Orlando Patterson. 3 26 2006. The New York Times. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2006\/03\/26\/opinion\/a-poverty-of-the-mind.html\">https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2006\/03\/26\/opinion\/a-poverty-of-the-mind.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Critique of Orlando Patterson\u2019s Blaming-the-Victim Rituals. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Martin Kilson. 2001. Souls. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.columbia.edu\/cu\/ccbh\/souls\/vol3no1\/vol3num1art4.pdf\">http:\/\/www.columbia.edu\/cu\/ccbh\/souls\/vol3no1\/vol3num1art4.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The Real Problem with America\u2019s Inner Cities<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Orlando Patterson. 5 9 2015. New York Times. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Are Young Men Vulnerable To Violence? with Jamil Jivani (Ep.7)<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Jamil Jivani. 4 8 2020. Coleman Hughes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TavrHWvGGG8\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TavrHWvGGG8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Should America Pay Reparations For Slavery? with Katherine Franke (Ep.3)<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Katherine Franke. 2020 2 5. Coleman Hughes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Should America Pay Reparations For Slavery? with Katherine Franke (Ep.3)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/EPSH252jQiQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A Brave\nLook at Disadvantage, Black Youth, andCulture: Patterson and Fosse\u2019s The\nCultural Matrix.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Victoria D. Alexander. 2016. Ethnic and Racial Studies. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/research.gold.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/20699\/1\/ERS_Patterson_by_Alexander_Final_Typescript.pdf\">https:\/\/research.gold.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/20699\/1\/ERS_Patterson_by_Alexander_Final_Typescript.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The origin of black female-headed families<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Erol Ricketts. 1980s?. Equal Opportunity Division of the Rockefeller\nFoundation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.irp.wisc.edu\/publications\/focus\/pdfs\/foc121e.pdf\">https:\/\/www.irp.wisc.edu\/publications\/focus\/pdfs\/foc121e.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Black Family in 1965 and Today<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Stave Chapman. 2 26 2015. Reason. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/reason.com\/2015\/02\/26\/the-black-family-in-1965-and-today\/\">https:\/\/reason.com\/2015\/02\/26\/the-black-family-in-1965-and-today\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Grocery Stores Are Avoiding Black Neighborhoods<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>2020 8 22. CNBC. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Rd8J-9uUnfc\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Rd8J-9uUnfc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The cost of slavery reparations is now within the boundaries of the\npolitically acceptable<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Max Ehrenfreund. 9 29 2016. The\nWashington Post. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2016\/09\/29\/the-cost-of-slavery-reparations-is-now-within-the-boundaries-of-the-politically-acceptable\/\">https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2016\/09\/29\/the-cost-of-slavery-reparations-is-now-within-the-boundaries-of-the-politically-acceptable\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">After Reparations Study Suggests $151 Million for Each African American,\nExperts Say Money Alone Isn&#8217;t Enough<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Jacob Jarvis. 7 17 2020. Newsweek. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/reparations-slavery-cost-more-just-money-1518649\">https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/reparations-slavery-cost-more-just-money-1518649<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>African American Marriage\nPatterns<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Douglas J. Besharov and Andrew West. Hoover Press:\nThernstrom. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hoover.org\/sites\/default\/files\/uploads\/documents\/0817998721_95.pdf\">https:\/\/www.hoover.org\/sites\/default\/files\/uploads\/documents\/0817998721_95.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Recent Declines in\nNonmarital Childbearing in the United States<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sally C. Curtin et al. 8 2014. CDC. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/products\/databriefs\/db162.htm\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/products\/databriefs\/db162.htm<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Color of Law Richard Rothstein. Liveright Publishing Corporation. 2017. The New Deal Didn\u2019t Create Segregation Richard Walker. 6 18 2019. Jacobin. https:\/\/jacobinmag.com\/2019\/06\/the-color-of-law-richard-rothstein-review Dr. Florence Ma\u00e4tita &#8211; I.D.E.A. Book Club &#8211; The Color of Law by Richard Rothstein Dr. Florence Ma\u00e4tita. 2021<\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/lonecandle.com\/?p=6074\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[692],"tags":[56,86,770,270,963,642,758,1378,1308,260,619,368],"class_list":["post-6074","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-video-sources","tag-black","tag-discrimination","tag-history","tag-housing","tag-jim-crow","tag-race","tag-racism","tag-reparations","tag-slavery","tag-sources","tag-united-states","tag-white"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lonecandle.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6074","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lonecandle.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lonecandle.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lonecandle.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lonecandle.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6074"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/lonecandle.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6074\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6075,"href":"https:\/\/lonecandle.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6074\/revisions\/6075"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lonecandle.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6074"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lonecandle.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6074"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lonecandle.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6074"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}