Why Should a Drug be Illegal or Legal? Part One: Self-Harm: Video Sources

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Margin of exposure

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What Are Margin of Exposure (MOE) and Margin of Safety (MOS) and How to Calculate

Little Pro. 2018 7 6. ChemSafetyPRO.

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Can we make cannabis safer?

Amir Englund, Tom P Freeman, Robin M Murray, and Philiip McGuire. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2017.

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Carcinogenic compounds in alcoholic beverages: an update

Tabea Pflaum1, Thomas Hausler, Claudia Baumung, Svenja Ackermann, Thomas Kuballa1, Jürgen Rehm, and Dirk W. Lachenmeier. 2016. Arch Toxicol.

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The adverse health effects and harms related to marijuana use: an overview review

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The Australian drug harms ranking study

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Alcohol and the Risk of Injury

Tanya Chikritzhs and Michael Livingston. 2021. Nutrients.

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WHY NOT POT? A Review of the Brain-based Risks of Cannabis

Kai MacDonald and Katherine Pappas. 2016 4 1. Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience.

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Cannabis use is associated with a
substantial reduction in premature deaths
in the United States.

Thomas M. Clark. 8 2017. Indiana University South.

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Theoretical Explanation for Reduced Body Mass Index
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Thomas M. Clark et al. 2018. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research.

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Associations Between Cannabis Use, Abdominal Fat Phenotypes and Insulin Traits

Charlotte E. Stuart et al. 2020. Journal of Clinical Med Res..

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Cannabis use and obesity-traits: A Mendelian randomization study

Zoheir Alayash et al. 2021 9 1. Drug and Alcohol Dependence.

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Cannabis Use Is Inversely Associated with Overweight and Obesity in Hepatitis B Virus-Infected Patients (ANRS CO22 Hepather Cohort)

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Exposure to cannabinoids can lead to persistent cognitive and
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Ranking the Harm of Psychoactive Drugs Including Prescription Analgesics to Users and Others–A Perspective of German Addiction Medicine Experts

Udo Bonnet et al. 2020 10 26. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 

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How scientists rank drugs from most to least dangerous — and why the rankings are flawed

German Lopez. 2015 12 4. Vox.

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The risks of alcohol, marijuana, and other drugs, explained

German Lopez. 2015 2 25. Vox.

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What is the most dangerous drug?

2019 6 25. The Economist.

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The Toxicity of Recreational Drugs

Robert S. Gable. American Scientist.

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The laws on alcohol and marijuana are totally out of sync with the science

Kevin Loria. 2015 2 26. Insider.

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Can Cocaine Kill You Instantly?

Thomas Christiansen. 2020 11 20. The Recovery Village.

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One Fentanyl-Laced Pill Can Kill You. Here’s How to Protect Yourself

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Cocaine DrugFacts

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Cocaine Effects on the Body: Short-Term & Side Effects

American Addiction Centers Editorial Staff; Eric Patterson. 2021 10 12. American Addiction Drug Centers.

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Drug Scheduling & Classifications (List of Schedule I-V Controlled Drugs)

Marisa Crane. 2022 1 26. American Addiction Centers.

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Fentanyl & the Most Dangerous Drugs in Modern America

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Scientists Rank 9 Recreational Drugs From Safest to Most Dangerous

David Nield. 2018 2 10. Science Alert.

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GDS 2021 Global Report

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Ranking the Harm of Alcohol, Tobacco and Illicit Drugs for the Individual and the Population

S. Karger. 2010. European Addiction Research.

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Drug harms in the UK: a multicriteria decision analysis

David J Nutt et al. 2010 11 1. The Lancet.

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Harm potential of magic mushroom use: A review

Jan van Amsterdam. 2010. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology.

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European rating of drug harms

Jan van Amsterdam et al. 2015. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 

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Persistent cannabis dependence and alcohol dependence represent risks for midlife economic and social problems: A longitudinal cohort study

Magdalenda Cerda et al. 2016. Clin Psychol Sci.

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Top 10 Drugs That Can Kill You

Peter Szczepanski. Abbeycare Group.

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Drugs Most Frequently Involved in Drug Overdose Deaths: United States, 2011-2016

Holly Hedegaard et al. 2018. Natl Vital Stat Rep.

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Overdose Death Rates

2022 1 20. NIH.

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Incidence and Lethality of Suicidal Overdoses by Drug Class

Ted R. Miller et al. 2020. Psychiatry.

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5 Most Addictive Drugs

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What Is the Most Addictive Drug?

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7 Most Addictive Drugs in Existence

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Most Addictive Drugs in the World

2017 7 9. Duffy’s.

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Top Ten Drugs Tied to Overdose Deaths

Deborah Brauser. 2018 12 12. Medscape.

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Not Yesterday’s Cocaine: Death Toll Rising From Tainted Drug

Laura Ungar. 2019 11 25. KHN.

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Legalizing Drugs Would Benefit the United States

Karin L. Swisher. 1996. Legalizing Drugs.

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I used to support legalizing all drugs. Then the opioid epidemic happened.

German Lopez. 2017 9 12. Vox.

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Dopesick Reinforces These Pernicious Misconceptions About Opioids, Addiction, and Pain Treatment

Jacob Sullum. 2021 11 17. Reason.

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Two Courts Debunk Widely Accepted Opioid Myths

Jacob Sullum. 2021 11 17. Reason.

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A New Study Finds That Reducing Pain Medication Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Overdose and Suicide

Jacob Sullum. 2021 8 6. Reason.

A New Study Finds No Relationship Between Opioid Prescriptions and Unintentional Injury Deaths

Jacob Sullum. 2021 4 9. Reason.

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Arizona’s Misguided War on Opioids

Jeffrey A. Singer. 2016 11 7. Reason.

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Opioid Death Rates Are Not Correlated With Prescription Rates Across States

Jacob Sullum. 2018 5 14. Reason.

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As Opioid Prescriptions Surged in Germany, Opioid Addiction Held Steady, While Opioid-Related Deaths Fell

Jacob Sullum. 2019 8 2. Reason.

‘Opioid Epidemic’ Myths

Jacob Sullum. 2016 5 18. Reason.

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As Opioid Prescriptions Fall, Opioid Deaths Rise

Jacob Sullum. 2018 4 19. Reason.

Questioning My Drug Libertarianism

Robert VerBruggen. 2016 1 3. RealClear Policy.

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The Drug Overdose Toll in 2020 and Near-Term Actions for Addressing It

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Prevention of
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Overdose Deaths Reached Record High as the Pandemic Spread

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How heroin kills you

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A 33-Year Follow-up of Narcotics Addicts

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Mortality among heroin users and users of other internationally regulated drugs: A 27-year follow-up of users in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program household samples

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Causes of death among people who used illicit opioids in England, 2001–18: a matched cohort study

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Definition of Toxicity

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What are the mortality rates of heroin toxicity?

Rania Habal. 2020 12 31. Medscape.

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Ten-year survival analysis of a cohort of
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Xavier Sanchez-Carbonell & Laura Seus. 2000. Addiction.

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Number of deaths from alcohol and drug use disorders, World, 1990 to 2019

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Number of deaths from illicit drug overdoses, United States, 1990 to 2019

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Number of deaths from substance use disorders, World, 2019

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Drug Overdose Deaths Remain High

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Overdose Death Rates

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Drug Overdose Death Rates

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Drug Abuse Statistics

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Table of Contents for the 2020 NSDUH Detailed Tables

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Opioid Monitoring Moving Crisis to Black Market

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Opioid overdoses are climbing. But prescription painkillers aren’t driving them anymore.

Sarah Frostenson. 2017 4 1. Vox.

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How drug warriors made the ‘opioid epidemic’ deadlier

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We Can’t Go
Cold Turkey:
Why Suppressing
Drug Markets
Endangers
Society

Nick Werle and Ernesto Zedillo. 2018. Opioids, Law & Ethics.

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Legalize Heroin to Save Lives

Trevor Burrus. 2021 10 4. CATO.

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DEFEND OUR VOTES. DEFEND DEMOCRACY.

ACLU.

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Legalize heroin

Bonnie Kristian. 2020 10 26. The Week.

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Why all drugs should be legal. (Yes, even heroin.)

2015 1 10. The Week.

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Drug Legalization: A False Hope

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Portugal’s radical drugs policy is working. Why hasn’t the world copied it?

Susana Ferreira. 2017 12 5. The Guardian.

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Would legalizing illicit opioids reduce overdose
fatalities? Implications from a natural experiment

Shane Darke & Michael Farrell. 2013. Addiction.

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The relationship between US heroin market dynamics and heroin-related overdose, 1992–2008

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Reducing Opioid-Related Deaths in the UK

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ABUSE AND FATAL POISONINGS INVOLVING
PRESCRIPTION OPIOIDS

Margareeta Hakkinen. 2015. University of Helsinki.

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Relationship between Nonmedical Prescription-Opioid Use and Heroin Use

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Changing Dynamics of the Drug Overdose Epidemic in the United States, 1979-2016

Hawre Jalal et al. 2018. Science.

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Nationwide Increase in Hospitalizations for Heroin-related Soft Tissue Infections: Associations with Structural Market Conditions

Dan Ciccarone et al. 2016. Drug Alcohol Depend.

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SUPPLY-SIDE DRUG POLICY IN THE PRESENCE OF SUBSTITUTES:
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Abby Alpert et al. 2017. NBER Working Paper Series.

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The extent of and factors associated with self-reported overdose and self-
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England, Wales and Northern Ireland.

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A Critical Review of the Social and Behavioral Contributions to the Overdose Epidemic

Magdalena Cerda. 2021. Annual Review of Public Health.

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A Columbia professor who uses heroin says the drug helps him maintain a work-life balance and should be legal for everyone

Hilary Brueck. 2021 2 19. Insider.

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Calls for the legalization of drugs ignore the science

Peter Bensinger. Chicago Sun Times. 2021 9 26.

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Marijuana Legalization Has Led To More Use And Addiction While Illegal Market Continues To Thrive

Robert L. DuPont. RiverMend Health.

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Is There a Case for Legalizing Heroin?

Benjamin Wallace-Wells. 2021 4 29. The New Yorker.

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Legalizing All Drugs Is Just the Beginning of a Compassionate Drug Policy

Maya Schenwar. 2021 2 13. Truthout.

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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPULSORY DRUG TREATMENT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

D Werb et al. 2016. Int J Drug Policy.

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“Want to Win the War on Drugs? Portugal Might Have the Answer”

Naina Bajekal. TIME. 2018 8 1.

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Oregon’s Drug Decriminalization May Spread, Despite Unclear Results

Sophie Quinton. 2021 11 3. PEW.

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ClassifiCation
of PsyChoaCtive
substanCes
When Science WaS
Left Behind

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Drug decriminalisation in Portugal: setting the record straight.

2021 5 13. Transform: Drug Policy Foundation.

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Few Obtain Treatment In First Year Of Oregon Drug-Decriminalization Grants

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What happens when a state stops punishing drug users

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Drug Decriminalization
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Do Drug Prohibition and Enforcement Work?

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Prohibition worked better than you think

German Lopez. 2019 6 13. Vox.

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The pros and cons of
prohibiting drugs

Don Weatherburn. 2014. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology.

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The Economics of Drug Prohibition and Drug Legalization

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Drug Free Australia’s Arguments Against Drug Legalisation

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What Are the Most Dangerous and Addictive Drugs? And What Makes Them So Bad?

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The Most Dangerous Drugs

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25 Most Dangerous Drugs

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Global Drug Survey Reveals Methamphetamine to be the Most Dangerous Drug

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Legalization, Decriminalization & Medicinal Use of Cannabis: A Scientific and Public Health Perspective

Dragan M. Svrakic. 2012. Missouri Medicine.

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