Why Should a Drug be Illegal or Legal? Part Three: Costs and Benefits of Implementing Drug Bans: Video Sources

I used to support legalizing all drugs. Then the opioid epidemic happened.

German Lopez. 2017 9 12. Vox.

https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/4/20/15328384/opioid-epidemic-drug-legalization

Dopesick Reinforces These Pernicious Misconceptions About Opioids, Addiction, and Pain Treatment

Jacob Sullum. 2021 11 17. Reason.

Two Courts Debunk Widely Accepted Opioid Myths

Jacob Sullum. 2021 11 17. Reason.

A New Study Finds That Reducing Pain Medication Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Overdose and Suicide

Jacob Sullum. 2021 8 6. Reason.

A New Study Finds No Relationship Between Opioid Prescriptions and Unintentional Injury Deaths

Jacob Sullum. 2021 4 9. Reason.

Arizona’s Misguided War on Opioids

Jeffrey A. Singer. 2016 11 7. Reason.

Opioid Death Rates Are Not Correlated With Prescription Rates Across States

Jacob Sullum. 2018 5 14. Reason.

As Opioid Prescriptions Surged in Germany, Opioid Addiction Held Steady, While Opioid-Related Deaths Fell

Jacob Sullum. 2019 8 2. Reason.

‘Opioid Epidemic’ Myths

Jacob Sullum. 2016 5 18. Reason.

As Opioid Prescriptions Fall, Opioid Deaths Rise

Jacob Sullum. 2018 4 19. Reason.

Questioning My Drug Libertarianism

Robert VerBruggen. 2016 1 3. RealClear Policy.

https://www.realclearpolicy.com/blog/2016/01/04/questioning_my_drug_libertarianism.html

The Drug Overdose Toll in 2020 and Near-Term Actions for Addressing It

Jesse C. Baumgartner and David C. Radley. 2021 8 16. The Commonwealth Fund.

https://www.commonwealthfund.org/blog/2021/drug-overdose-toll-2020-and-near-term-actions-addressing-it

Prevention of
drug-related deaths

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.

https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/topic-overviews/prevention-drug-related-deaths_en

Overdose Deaths Reached Record High as the Pandemic Spread

Roni Caryn Rabin. 2021 11 17. The New York Times.

Opioid Monitoring Moving Crisis to Black Market

Ingrid Hein. 2019 11 25. Medscape.

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/921795

Opioid overdoses are climbing. But prescription painkillers aren’t driving them anymore.

Sarah Frostenson. 2017 4 1. Vox.

https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2017/4/1/15115380/prescription-painkiller-heroin-deaths

How drug warriors made the ‘opioid epidemic’ deadlier

Jacob Sullum. 2021 7 28. Chicago Sun Times.

https://chicago.suntimes.com/columnists/2021/7/28/22597967/opioid-epidemic-pain-management-war-drugs-jacob-sullum

We Can’t Go
Cold Turkey:
Why Suppressing
Drug Markets
Endangers
Society

Nick Werle and Ernesto Zedillo. 2018. Opioids, Law & Ethics.

https://ycsg.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/we_can%27t_go_cold_turkey.pdf

Legalize Heroin to Save Lives

Trevor Burrus. 2021 10 4. CATO.

https://www.cato.org/commentary/legalize-heroin-save-lives#

DEFEND OUR VOTES. DEFEND DEMOCRACY.

ACLU.

https://www.aclu.org/other/against-drug-prohibition

Legalize heroin

Bonnie Kristian. 2020 10 26. The Week.

https://theweek.com/articles/650384/legalize-heroin

Why all drugs should be legal. (Yes, even heroin.)

2015 1 10. The Week.

https://theweek.com/articles/445005/why-all-drugs-should-legal-yes-even-heroin

Drug Legalization: A False Hope

Institute For Behavior and Health.

https://www.ibhinc.org/drug-legalization

Portugal’s radical drugs policy is working. Why hasn’t the world copied it?

Susana Ferreira. 2017 12 5. The Guardian.

https://www.theguardian.com/news/2017/dec/05/portugals-radical-drugs-policy-is-working-why-hasnt-the-world-copied-it

Would legalizing illicit opioids reduce overdose
fatalities? Implications from a natural experiment

Shane Darke & Michael Farrell. 2013. Addiction.

https://idhdp.com/media/1111/add12456-1-.pdf

The relationship between US heroin market dynamics and heroin-related overdose, 1992–2008

George Unick et al. 2017. Addiction.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5725335/

Illicit opioid use following changes in opioids prescribed for chronic non-cancer pain

Phillip O. Offin et al. 2020. PLoS ONE.

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0232538

Reducing Opioid-Related Deaths in the UK

Les Iversen et al. 2016. Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs.

https://kar.kent.ac.uk/62867/1/ACMD-Drug-Related-Deaths-Report-161212.pdf

ABUSE AND FATAL POISONINGS INVOLVING
PRESCRIPTION OPIOIDS

Margareeta Hakkinen. 2015. University of Helsinki.

https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/153825/abuseand.pdf?sequence=1

Relationship between Nonmedical Prescription-Opioid Use and Heroin Use

Wilson M. Compton et al. 2016. N Engl J Med.

https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1508490

Changing Dynamics of the Drug Overdose Epidemic in the United States, 1979-2016

Hawre Jalal et al. 2018. Science.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8025225/

Nationwide Increase in Hospitalizations for Heroin-related Soft Tissue Infections: Associations with Structural Market Conditions

Dan Ciccarone et al. 2016. Drug Alcohol Depend.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4881875/

SUPPLY-SIDE DRUG POLICY IN THE PRESENCE OF SUBSTITUTES:
EVIDENCE FROM THE INTRODUCTION OF ABUSE-DETERRENT OPIOIDS

Abby Alpert et al. 2017. NBER Working Paper Series.

Abby Alpert et al. 2018. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy.

https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w23031/w23031.pdf

The extent of and factors associated with self-reported overdose and self-
reported receipt of naloxone among people who inject drugs (PWID) in
England, Wales and Northern Ireland.

O’Halloran et al. 2017. International Journal of Drug Policy

https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/6768/1/M%3A%5CMy%20Documents%5CWork%5CPHE%20Related%5COD%20paper%20CoH%5CCOH%20OD%20%2B%20Naloxone%20Paper%20REVISED_IJDP%20clean%20all.pdf

A Critical Review of the Social and Behavioral Contributions to the Overdose Epidemic

Magdalena Cerda. 2021. Annual Review of Public Health.

https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-090419-102727

Calls for the legalization of drugs ignore the science

Peter Bensinger. Chicago Sun Times. 2021 9 26.

https://chicago.suntimes.com/2021/9/26/22691625/drug-prohibition-legalization-bike-lanes-chicago-biden-border-letters

Marijuana Legalization Has Led To More Use And Addiction While Illegal Market Continues To Thrive

Robert L. DuPont. RiverMend Health.

https://www.rivermendhealth.com/resources/marijuana-legalization-led-use-addiction-illegal-market-continues-thrive/

Is There a Case for Legalizing Heroin?

Benjamin Wallace-Wells. 2021 4 29. The New Yorker.

https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-populism/is-there-a-case-for-legalizing-heroin

Legalizing All Drugs Is Just the Beginning of a Compassionate Drug Policy

Maya Schenwar. 2021 2 13. Truthout.

https://truthout.org/articles/legalizing-all-drugs-is-just-the-beginning-of-a-compassionate-drug-policy/

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPULSORY DRUG TREATMENT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

D Werb et al. 2016. Int J Drug Policy.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4752879/

“Want to Win the War on Drugs? Portugal Might Have the Answer”

Naina Bajekal. TIME. 2018 8 1.

https://time.com/longform/portugal-drug-use-decriminalization/

Oregon’s Drug Decriminalization May Spread, Despite Unclear Results

Sophie Quinton. 2021 11 3. PEW.

https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/blogs/stateline/2021/11/03/oregons-drug-decriminalization-may-spread-despite-unclear-results

Drug decriminalisation in Portugal: setting the record straight.

2021 5 13. Transform: Drug Policy Foundation.

https://transformdrugs.org/blog/drug-decriminalisation-in-portugal-setting-the-record-straight

Few Obtain Treatment In First Year Of Oregon Drug-Decriminalization Grants

Emily Green. 2022 2 4. The Lund Report.

https://www.thelundreport.org/content/few-obtain-treatment-first-year-oregon-drug-decriminalization-grants

What happens when a state stops punishing drug users

Charissa Koh. 2021 11 17. World.

https://wng.org/roundups/weighing-early-results-of-drug-decriminalization-in-oregon-1637188008

Drug Decriminalization
in Portugal

Drug Policy Alliance.

https://drugpolicy.org/sites/default/files/dpa-drug-decriminalization-portugal-health-human-centered-approach_0.pdf

Do Drug Prohibition and Enforcement Work?

Jonathan P. Caulkins. 2000. RAND.

https://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP909.html

Prohibition worked better than you think

German Lopez. 2019 6 13. Vox.

https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/2019/6/5/18518005/prohibition-alcohol-public-health-crime-benefits

The pros and cons of
prohibiting drugs

Don Weatherburn. 2014. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology.

https://idhdp.com/media/362647/1408-weatherburn-article.pdf

The Economics of Drug Prohibition and Drug Legalization

Jeffrey A. Miron. 2001. Social Research.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/40971915?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3Aaf5976bb543a16c77668dec1106f4ed2&seq=5#page_scan_tab_contents

Drug Free Australia’s Arguments Against Drug Legalisation

Drug Free Australia.

https://www.drugfree.org.au/images/pdf-files/library/Drug-Free-Australia/Taskforce_Arguments_for_Prohibition.pdf

Legalizing and Regulating Marijuana in Canada: Review of Potential Economic, Social, and Health Impacts

Mohammad Hajizadeh. 2016 5 25. Health Policy and Management.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4968247/

The legitimacy of criminalizing drugs: Applying the ‘harm principle’ of John Stuart Mill to contemporary decision-making

Steven Debbaut. 3 2022. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1756061621000537

Depenalization, diversion
and decriminalization:
A realist review and
programme theory of
alternatives to
criminalization for
simple drug possession

Alex Stevens et al. 2022. Europeans Journal of Criminology.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1477370819887514

DRUG POLICIES AND DRUG PREVALENCE: THE ROLE OF
DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Karl-Heinz Reuband. 1998. European Journal on Criminal Policy.

https://repository.tudelft.nl/assets/uuid:391c863d-402d-48ed-9650-616532c06d26/ej9803-fulltext_tcm28-75335.pdf#page=9

The Limited Relevance of Drug Policy:
Cannabis in Amsterdam and in San Francisco

Craig Reinarman et al. 2004. American Journal of Public Health.

https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdfplus/10.2105/AJPH.94.5.836

Drug users switch to heroin because it’s cheap, easy to get

Jim Dryden. 2014 5 28. Newsroom.

Fentanyl overdose deaths in the U.S. have been doubling every year

Melissa Healy. 2019 3 20. Los Angeles Times.

https://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-fentanyl-overdose-deaths-skyrocketing-20190320-story.html

Our Country is Addicted to Control: Legalize
Drugs

Victoria Hood. 2015. The Cohen Journal.

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1013&context=tcj

Legalize drugs – all of them!

Vanessa Baird. 2012 9 1. New Internationalist.

https://newint.org/features/2012/09/01/illegal-drugs

THE SYRINGE EXCHANGE PROGRAMME IN PORTUGAL

Carla Torre. 2010 11 18. Viral Hepatitis Prevention Board Meeting.

https://www.vhpb.org/files/html/Meetings_and_publications/Presentations/LISS44.pdf

Dissecting Dr. Carl Hart On The Joe Rogan Experience

Dr. B Addiction Recovery. 2021 2 19.

What’s the latest U.S. literacy rate?

Wylie Communications.

Drug Use for Grown-Ups

Dr. Carl L. Hart. 2021. Penguin Books.

Drugs without the Hot Air: Making Sense of Legal and Illegal Drugs. Second Edition.

David Nutt. 1 16 2020. UIT Cambridge.

Lack of safrole can’t stop menace

Laignee Barron. 2015 1 8. The Phnom Penh Post.

https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/lack-safrole-cant-stop-menace

Welcome to the Nicotine Prohibition Era

Jacob Grier. 2022 5. Reason.

https://reason.com/2022/04/02/welcome-to-the-nicotine-prohibition-era/

Opioid epidemic: the medical industry created a public health crisis | Chris Johnson, MD | TEDxEdina

Chris Johnson. 2019 12 11. Ted Talks.

Opioid Series Part 1 CDC’s Response to the Opioid Overdose Epidemic An Update

NASHIA Training U. 2021 1 13.

The Opioid Overdose Epidemic: CDC Response

NIHCM Foundation. 2019 10 15.

How California Law Created A Massive Marijuana Black Market | John Nores Jr.

John Nores Jr. 2022 1 20. California Insider.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6z0gX0vKWjM

Inside California’s Black Market Weed Boom

VICE News. 2022 1 16.

Has legalizing cannabis helped diminish the drug’s black market? | Your Morning

Jim Walker. 2021 9 24. CTV Your Morning.

Black market for marijuana still thriving even as more states legalize it for medicinal, recreationa

NewsNation 2021 3 2.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pu9gKd_FhkE

How Colorado’s marijuana legalization strengthened the drug’s black market | Marijuana

PBS NewsHour. 2022 4 20.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q1BZw8y6fMo

Pot black market still thrives after Colorado legalization

PBS NewsHour. 2014 9 20.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lJKx_c45zlM

Why Legalizing Cannabis Made the Illegal Market Stronger | Business Casual

Morning Brew. 2022 2 22.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iUuGyADX0GQ

Prohibition and Cirrhosis of the Liver

Nature. 1937 7 3.

https://www.nature.com/articles/140020c0#citeas

Alcohol Prohibition and Cirrhosis

Angela K. Dills and Jeffrey K. Miron. 5 2003. NBER.

https://www.nber.org/papers/w9681

Effect of alcohol prohibition on liver cirrhosis mortality rates in Canada from 1901 to 1956: A time-series analysis

Bethany R Chrystoja et al. 2020 5 25. NIH.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32452070/

Cannabis Legalization In The US: Population Health Impacts

Rebecca L. Haffajee and Amanda Mauri. 2021 7 1. Health Affairs.

https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hpb20210701.500845/

Assessing the public health impacts of legalizing recreational cannabis use: the US experience

Wayne Hall and Michael Lynskey. 2020 5 11. World Psychiatry.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/wps.20735

The Public Health Effects of Legalizing Marijuana

D. Mark Anderson and Daniel I. Rees. 2021 4. NBER.

https://www.nber.org/papers/w28647

Association Between Recreational Marijuana Legalization in the United States and Changes in Marijuana Use and Cannabis Use Disorder From 2008 to 2016

Magdalena Cerda et al. 2020. JAMA Psychiatry.

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2755276

The Effect of State Marijuana Legalizations: 2021 Update

Angela Dills et al. 2021 2 2. Policy Analysis.

https://www.cato.org/policy-analysis/effect-state-marijuana-legalizations-2021-update#introduction

Marijuana legalization and historical trends in marijuana use among US residents aged 12–25: results from the 1979–2016 National Survey on drug use and health

Bin Yu et al. BMC Public Health. 2020.

https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-020-8253-4

America has spent over a trillion dollars fighting the war on drugs. 50 years later, drug use in the U.S. is climbing again.

Nathaniel Lee. 2021 6 17. CNBC.

https://www.cnbc.com/2021/06/17/the-us-has-spent-over-a-trillion-dollars-fighting-war-on-drugs.html

Does marijuana legalization lead to increased use?

DrugPolicy.org

https://drugpolicy.org/does-marijuana-legalization-lead-increased-use

A new study found marijuana legalization leads to more problematic use

German Lopez. 2019 11 13. Vox.

https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/11/13/20962924/marijuana-legalization-use-addiction-study

Marijuana use did not climb following legalization in states: Study

Ivan Pereira. 2021 9 27. ABC News.

https://abcnews.go.com/US/marijuana-climb-legalization-states-study/story?id=80265523

Recreational Cannabis Legalization Leads to Higher Use in Some Demographics

Luis Segura et al. 2021 9 27. Colombia.

https://www.publichealth.columbia.edu/public-health-now/news/recreational-cannabis-legalization-leads-higher-use-some-demographics

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