Pakistan supported the Taliban during its 20 year fight with the US and international partners, and then after the Taliban won, the Taliban and Pakistan went to war.
Trump tariffed India for buying Russian oil, and now Trump is buying Russian diesel, which is a form of refined oil. He has turned the United States into a hypocritical country with no principles, who no one should trust because no words, no deal, means anything. The country has always had to look out for itself, but the repeated backing out of deals, including ones made by Trump, the repeated economic and military aggression, and the naked unprincipled hypocrisy has turned the United States into an asshole country.
India could have stretched from Yemen to Burma. Some of the divisions led to mass refugees and massacres. Some of these nationalisms and national identities were relatively new. The actual history of much of this, is underplayed in all countries involved.
Over much time, the Indus Valley Civilization deforested their area. Without the vegetation, floods got much worse, leading to the decline and fall of their civilization.
Indo-European genes and language stretch from Western Europe to Sri Lanka. They were an early horse-people, that used their nomadic technologies like horse-riding, wagons, and chariots to dominate far in different directions. Genetically, their male lines spread far by dominate men having children with many women.
Is Trump pushing the world toward a realist Westphalian order with less emphasis on permanent alliances and international organizations, or is he really moving us to a royalist system where global actions are less based on countries and more based on personal, familial, and buddy enrichment and aggrandizement.
Greenland is less about the defense of the US and minerals, which the US could do in Greenland without threats of war because Greenland, through Denmark, is a US ally, and instead about Trump making himself look great by adding territory to the US and making his friends with business interests rich. Ronald Lauder, a billionaire with business interests in Greenland, suggested Trump take Greenland back in 2018. Similarly, refineries that benefit from the Venezuela attack include Trump megadonors. Trump raised tariffs on India after Modi said Trump didn’t play an important role in creating peace between India and Pakistan. So this action was more about Trump’s status and aggrandizement than realist and economic strategy for the benefit of the United States.
The Phillipines beat out India on out-sourced phone customer service jobs because Filipinos could speak English with an accent more understandable to Americans.