Pharaoh Akhenaten demoted all the gods of Egypt and commanded that only one god is worthy of worship–the disc of the sun. And, only Akhenaten could speak for that one worthy god. This could be seen as a precursor of monotheism. It wasn’t yet monotheism though, because Akhenaten didn’t deny the existence of other gods, just their worthiness of worship.
Coptic is the final written version of the ancient Egyption language that was used before being overtaken by Arabic, making Arabic a colonial imperialist language in Egypt.
“On some days, as many as 20 drones might fly across the Egyptian border into Israel from different points. It does not matter that much if Israel shoots some of them down or uses electronic warfare spectrum weapons to get others to crash or land in an open field to be seized. As long as a certain percentage of the cargo gets through, the smugglers can make millions.
THE SMUGGLERS also learned that they could send a vast amount of weapons across the border. Some of these weapons might be for Arab Israelis or Bedouin. Still, others might be eventually destined for Hamas or even for being transferred to terrorist groups in the Palestinian Authority-controlled portions of the West Bank.”
“In the sixth century, Christian monks built St. Catherine’s Monastery in Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula. The monastery is believed to be located at the very place where God appeared to Moses via a burning bush. Valuable Christian relics are stored at St. Catherine’s, among them parts of the Codex Sinaiticus, which contains the oldest complete copy of the New Testament.
Since its inception, the monastery has never been destroyed, but recent efforts by the Egyptian government could effectively end St. Catherine’s independence and inhibit the religious freedom of its monks.
In May, a legal ruling by an Egyptian appeals court “affirmed government ownership of land beneath the centuries-old Saint Catherine’s Monastery in Sinai,” although the government stressed that it would not interfere with the monastery’s long-standing autonomy, reports Egyptian Streets. Despite these assurances, the monks of St. Catherine’s protested against the ruling and closed the site to all visitors on June 6.”
“what followed was a master class in presidential deal-making of the most direct kind. Brzezinski and his colleagues often complained that Carter read too much. One of the president’s internal nicknames was “grammarian-in-chief.” But by the end of the improbably successful 13-day Camp David peace talks that September, they realized that Carter’s obsessive reading in this case had been indispensable. His knowledge of every topographical quirk, and geographic line, in the disputed Sinai desert, was critical to the marathon process that resulted in the first ever Arab recognition of Israel’s right to exist. The Camp David accords didn’t fix the Middle East, but they set the template for every attempt to forge a lasting peace ever since.”
“Take Egypt: In 2016, facing fiscal pressure and public dissatisfaction, the government raised tariffs on hundreds of imported goods—everything from electronics to household furniture. The stated goal was to protect domestic industries and reduce reliance on foreign goods. The outcome? Inflation soared, local industries remained stagnant, and Egyptian consumers were left paying more for lower-quality products. The government hoped tariffs would nurture innovation; instead, they strangled competition and punished ordinary people.
In Iraq, where the state has tried to rebuild its shattered economy after years of conflict, officials implemented tariffs to supposedly boost “national production” and replenish government coffers. But in a country where corruption runs deep and borders are porous, the policy only incentivized smuggling and rent seeking. Goods flowed illegally across borders while customs officials took their cut. Meanwhile, consumers bore the cost, and genuine economic growth never came. Tariffs there didn’t protect industries—they protected the corrupt.”
“In 2015, when the Assad regime was about to collapse, the opposition force had the upper hand on their way to Damascus. And then, who came to help Assad? The Russians with an air force, against which the rebels didn’t have any air defense. And Hezbollah came to help Assad on the ground. Iranians delivered money, weapons and some Shia militia. What happened this time? All three players were absent. The Russians were in Ukraine. Hezbollah was destroyed by Israel. And the Iranians were deterred by Israel. So the Syrian army was left alone.”
…
” I can see four scenarios. The first one I call the “Libyan scenario.” After the fall of Qaddafi, everybody fought with everybody to have dominance. In the end, Libya was stabilized by two main entities. But only after many, many years of internal war with the support from outside forces like Turkey, Russia and Egypt. The second scenario is some kind of “former Yugoslavia model.” Each one of the sects will have its own autonomy, and they will be smart enough not to fight each other. The third scenario is a jihadist state ranging from an extreme ISIS type to a Taliban in a moderate sense. The fourth scenario is a political Islam kind of country under the model of Turkey and Qatar. A political Islam, not jihadist Islam.”
“Israeli Foreign Affairs Minister Israel Katz said it was up to Egypt to open the Rafah crossing, going as far as saying he addressed that need with some of his European counterparts. “The key to preventing a humanitarian crisis in Gaza is now in the hands of our Egyptian friends,” Katz said in comments released by his office.
That did not sit well with Egyptian foreign ministry officials, who issued a statement decrying “the desperate attempts of the Israeli side to hold Egypt responsible for the unprecedented humanitarian crisis facing the Gaza Strip,” and adding, “The foreign minister called on Israel to fulfil its legal responsibility as the occupying power, by allowing aid to enter through the land ports under its control.”
Though it worries about a large influx of Palestinians fleeing the violence, Egypt has maintained its side of the crossing has been open since the war started.”